দুর্বল
durbol
Provenance: Reviewed field-research record
Word class
adjective with context-dependent senses
Lexical status
Exact দুর্বল headword and adjacent তৌফিক verified; two context-specific senses.
Recorded forms
দুর্বল; তৌফিক নাই শরীর দূর্বল লাগে; দুর্বলতা লাগতেছে
Research meaning — English
1. In this account, দুর্বল describes lack of money, property and means for a daughter’s marriage; elsewhere it describes bodily weakness. Bodily weakness is described after poor sleep during heat and while sweating during outdoor work. In a discussion of meeting housing costs, দুর্বল concerns limited material means or power.
Research meaning — Bengali
1. এই বর্ণনায় দুর্বল মানে একদিকে টাকা-জমি ও মেয়ের বিয়ের সামর্থ্যের অভাব; অন্য জায়গায় শব্দটি শরীরের দুর্বলতা বোঝায়। দুর্বলতা শরীরে শক্তি কম লাগা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত: এক ক্ষেত্রে গরমে কাজের পর ঘুমাতে না পারা, অন্য ক্ষেত্রে বাইরে কাজ করতে গিয়ে ঘামার সঙ্গে কথাটি আসে। বাসস্থানের ব্যয় বহনের প্রসঙ্গে দুর্বল বলতে আর্থিক বা সামর্থ্যের দুর্বলতা বোঝানো হয়েছে।
What this research adds
A proposed polysemy subentry/form expansion: relevant surrounding material is already partly represented in F29, so do not count the account as independent new evidence. Adds explicit bodily referents that contrast with the baseline’s financial weakness sense and distinguish the word from a general diagnosis of fatigue. Adds an unindexed housing example to the already-established financial sense, beyond the baseline example concerning a daughter’s marriage. This is additional evidence, not a new sense or lemma.
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य से संबंध
Distinguish physical fatigue/weakness from perceived material inability and social obligation; no depression or physical diagnosis assigned. Assessment focus: bodily distress and somatic expressions. These are inquiry domains for the cited account, not diagnoses or interchangeable translations. Ask about bodily experience and functional limits, separate from the economic-use sense. Useful translation boundary between material disadvantage and bodily or mental weakness.
Safe messaging for media
- Use the expression in its stated context; do not present it as a diagnosis or universal translation.
- Avoid describing a person by a stigmatizing term unless the person self-identifies that way and the wording is necessary.
- For suicide-related coverage, avoid method detail, sensational headlines, and single-cause explanations; include help-seeking information.
- Link to this entry’s evidence limits and distinguish contributor wording from analyst interpretation.
Established meaning — English
1. দুর্বল can describe bodily weakness or lack of power. [LALEX19] Definition/comparison applies to দুর্বল. 2. তৌফিক concerns capacity or ability. [LALEX20] Definition/comparison applies to দুর্বল. Lack of power or strength; separately, bodily weakness. [BTHLEX15]
Established meaning — Bengali
1. দুর্বল শারীরিক শক্তির অভাব অথবা ক্ষমতার অভাব বোঝাতে পারে। [LALEX19] 2. তৌফিক সামর্থ্য বা সক্ষমতা বোঝায়। [LALEX20] ক্ষমতা বা বলের অভাব; আলাদা অর্থে শারীরিক দুর্বলতা। [BTHLEX15]
इस्तेमाल का संदर्भ
Material limitation enters the response to questions about guilt and worth; it should not be flattened into self-esteem alone. Livelihood requires exposure outdoors; the accounts concern practical constraints rather than moral weakness. Discussion of five basic needs and what earnings can cover.
Learning from the accounts
Reported effects
Poor sleep and continued work are reported; one speaker describes drinking saline/cold water in response. The speaker associates constrained means with living on government land and not meeting all basic needs.
Attributed origins
Participants connect weakness to heat and work or lost sleep. No examination establishes a physiological cause. Contextual attribution to limited means; no physical cause is discussed.
Variation and visualization
Material and bodily senses coexist in the same interview. তৌফিক নাই is a contextual elaboration of means, not an asserted lexical synonym. দূর্বল and দুর্বলতা are retained as recorded. No anemia, dehydration or exhaustion syndrome is inferred from spelling or context alone. The same adjective can also describe bodily weakness; the immediate income/housing prompt determines the current sense.
क्या अनिश्चित है
Local material inability and bodily weakness should be kept apart. তৌফিক নাই elaborates the marriage-cost constraint, not a synonym of every দুর্বল sense. No global synonym of depression or self-esteem is licensed. No verified explicit antonym is supplied. The source does not establish a laboratory or clinical explanation, nor the efficacy of the reported response. Do not diagnose debility or infer legal tenure from this statement. The participant’s claim about government land is not independently verified.
Commonness and evidence limits
These are selected qualitative occurrences in supplied source files and versions. Repeated files or passages do not add independent testimony. Neither frequency in the population nor identical understanding or private imagery is established by these selections. Two participant accounts in the reviewed records; no quantitative severity or duration. One further use in OCT05-a source record / NTFH13, not population data about tenure or poverty.
Relationships and comparison
These are scoped relationships from the research record, not claims of universal equivalence.
Synonyms and near-synonyms
No exact synonym established for the locally recorded expression. Related words and clinical comparisons are listed separately.
Antonyms and contrasts
No antonym established for this local use. Absence of illness, normality, obedience and recovery are not supplied as invented opposites.
Related terms
F29; F34; F21 — linked concepts; not synonym claims.
Across languages
English: weak / powerless — Lacking strength or power. sense-scoped dictionary translation. The dictionary preserves more than a bodily meaning. Material constraint is specified by the participant, not a dictionary mental-disorder category. [LALEX19] English: limited means / materially disadvantaged — Having insufficient resources in the housing context. Contextual application of the power/strength sense, not a claim that poor is a universal synonym of দুর্বল. [BTHLEX15]
অংশগ্রহণকারীঃ এ কারনে আমি দুর্বল । আমার টাকা পয়সা নেই, আমার জায়গা জমির নাই। মেয়েটারে বিয়ে দেওয়ার তৌফিক নাই।
All evidence IDs: E1159; E1160; E2190; E2191; E2237; E2238; E2239; E2240
अलग-अलग संदर्भों से नज़रिए
नज़रिए एक साथ दिखाए जाते हैं। समानता का मतलब बराबरी नहीं है। कोई भी एक नज़रिया पूरी संस्कृति की बात नहीं कहता।